نشریه مدیریت آب در کشاورزی
سال دوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 4، پاییز و زمستان 1394)

the effect of irrigation intervals and nitrogen fertilizer on yield¡ water use efficiency (WUE) in Common bean¡ Were examined in the year 2011 at Astaneh Ashrafiyeh in east of Guilan province. In this study nitrogen fertilizer levels included 0¡ 30¡ 60 and 90 kg/ha Were examined in condition no irrigation¡ irrigation intervals 6¡ 12 and 18 days.The results showed that irrigation intervals and nitrogen fertilizer was effective on yield. 6 day irrigation interval and 60 (kgN/ha) with seed yield of 3486.5 (kg/ha) was the highest. Also the effect of management irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer were significant on weight of 100 seeds¡ number of pods per plant¡ number of seeds per plant¡ pod length and Water Relative Leaf (RWC). The water use efficiency was varied from 0.71 to 1.37 kg/m3. According to the result¡ 6 days irrigation interval and fertilizer amount of 60 kg N/ha was the optimum irrigation regime and nitrogen level.

Disengagement¡ participatory irrigation management (PIM)¡ irrigation management transfer and turnover of the management and authority of public irrigation systems from government to the water users associations (WUA) or other entities (IMT) are the major apparent trends which are occurring in the context of irrigation management in the developed¡ and recently in the most developing countries¡ e.g.¡ Iran. Therefore¡ the main objective of this research was to study and evaluate the potential tendencies¡ incentives¡ weak points and obstacles in the process of PIM/IMT in our irrigation networks of Iran¡ namely Esfahan¡ Droodzan¡ Dez¡ and Ghazvin irrigation networks. The methodology was based on review of projects technical literature¡ familiarity with the O&M of the networks processes¡ interviews with the farmers¡ irrigators¡ staffs¡ the managers of the projects¡ and finally filling of the prepared comprehensive questionnaire by interviewers with the relevant stakeholders. Overall¡ the followings results concluded from this research: There is tendency for PIM/IMT¡ only in the tertiary and fortieth canal levels¡ lack of mutual confidence and reliability between the water users and system management¡ substantial needs on training and capacity buildings among the water users and beneficiaries¡ uncertainty and doubts on yields and sustainability of agricultural production following management transfer¡ perceptions and anticipations of farmers from PIM/IMT are mainly improvement of equity of water delivery¡ there are needs and requests from the farmers for the renovation and rehabilitation of the system prior to the management transfer¡ and the necessity of the government supports for the proper linkages of water users WUA with the government structure¡ from legal and organizational aspects¡ in the transformed networks.

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a highly consumable and important plant. Most geographical locations in Iran are arid and semi-arid regions. Therefore¡ the current research has been conducted in order to investigate the methods of irrigation¡ and drought stress on the yield and yield components of potato in the regions of Baft County¡ Kerman¡ Iran (2014). The main factor¡ and subsidiary factors compared in this study are I1 (furrow irrigation) and I2 (T-tape irrigation)¡ and three drought stress levels; S1 (100% water supply)¡ S2 (75% water supply)¡ and S3 (50% water supply)¡ respectively. The results showed¡ the yield for T-tape irrigation (I2) was higher than the yield for furrow irrigation (I1). Also under different drought stress levels¡ the highest yield was achieved for the S1 treatment with an average of 20.8 tons per hectare toward the S2¡ and S3 treatment with an average of 15.2¡ and 7.9 tons per hectare¡ respectively.

In tea cultivation areas¡ irrigation¡ adapting new irrigation systems¡ small and distributed lands¡ low technical knowledge¡ high cost of production¡ low yield and low income of tea farmers reflects the effect of production system in the country. In this research¡ to achieve a proper production pattern regarding irrigation aspect¡ practical investigation of production systems in tea growing regions was conducted. In this project two methods of library and field research were used. Style of sampling was cluster randomly using the Kokran formulae to find out volume and number in the society. By filling the questionnaire¡ relation between irrigation as independent variant and yield as dependent variant in different production systems were investigated. Then¡ data were analyzed with using of descriptive and inference statistics (Tuki test). In all three systems¡ irrigated gardens got more yield. Out of three identified systems in tea growing regions (rural¡ common cooperative and commercial)¡ the maximum yield was belong to the common cooperative system regarding the mentioned variable.

A correct scheduling of irrigation (timing and volume of water) is very important parameter to improve quality and quantity of yield in greenhouse condition. This study aimed to investigate the possibility of improving the management of strawberry greenhouses and increase economic yield (quantitative and qualitative) is conducted base on optimum irrigation planning by using tensiometer in greenhouses condition in Iran. Three levels of irrigation scheduling based upon tensiometer measurements (0.2 and 0.4 bar) and experiences of farmers (As control) were considered. Tensiometer was used to schedule irrigations whenever the soil matric potential reached 0.2 and 0.4 bar. The present study showed that the highest yield per plant resulted from irrigation schedules based on 0.2 bar compare with the experiences of farmers. Of course there was no significant difference between 0.2 and 0.4 bars in this respect. Also results showed that the volume of water used in treatments of 0.2¡ 0.4 bars and experiences of farmers were respectively 47.6¡ 21.2 and 99.6 liters per plant and irrigation management increased water productivity in irrigation schedule 0.4 bar (21.7 grams per liter) compared with 0.2 bar (10.5 grams per liter) and experiences of farmers amount of 4.6 grams per liter. According to the results of this study¡ irrigation scheduling based upon 0.4 bar recommended Because of the increased water use efficiency and reduces water consumption without reducing yield.

Public acceptance for the use of recycled water is the essential element of the success of these projects. Sociologists can find better explanation for popular resistance to water resources replacing. The goal of this study was to assess the awareness level of university students of the water crisis and evaluation of students’ imagination and understanding to accept recycled water for different usages including in agriculture. In this study¡ the combination method (qualitative and quantitative) was used. A questionnaire prepared by researcher and interview were used to gather necessary data. The questionnaire validity was verified by the researcher. Hypotheses test results showed any significant difference between men and women to accept recycled water¡ between age and acceptance level¡ between income and the acceptance of recycled water (P> 0.05)¡ but there is a significant difference between the field of study and the acceptance of recycled water (P

In recent years due to water shortages and drought in Iran¡ the use of surface waters in this country is very important for agricultural use. Indicators in the field of assessing the quality of drinking water is provided¡ but the type and quality of irrigation water for agricultural products of particular importance given. Therefore¡ this study aims to provide solutions for measuring the quality of irrigation water is used. Here indicators NSFWQI¡ BCWQI¡ CWQI and OWQI corrected using Vilcox diagram and the FAO publication 286 for pressurized irrigation. Qualitative parameters of SAR¡ Na¡ Cl-¡ and pH¡ HCO3-¡ Ec and TDS were measured on two stations Abharrud River¡ in the name of Kineh Varas and Qorveh of 2001 was up to 2010. Results showed that these indicators are acceptable in agriculture and about the same results presented Abhar Rud River. Kineh Varas station in assessing all indicators has less vulnerability than Qorveh station and it is also evident in the fact. The NSFWQI was the best index of irrigation water vulnerability. In order to determining of effective parameters on NSFWQI index¡ a sort of check list has been providing to irrigation and agriculture experts. Considering of their preference besides using AHP approach¡ weight of quality parameter has been determined.